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Felix the Cat
12-23-2005, 12:10 PM
Tories vow to protect Arctic (http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/story.html?id=1038ae5a-4aa7-453b-aa8e-df8ef3e7218a&k=42867)

WINNIPEG - Stephen Harper yesterday unveiled an ambitious plan for protecting Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic that would rely on an expanded military presence north of the 60th parallel, as well as greater underwater and aerial surveillance of the area.

The Conservative leader said a critical piece of the plan entails building three Canadian-made, armed heavy icebreakers, which would be capable of cutting through seven metres of ice and transporting troops, and would be stationed near Iqaluit.

A Tory government would build a deep-water docking facility for both civilian and military uses in the same area, establish a new sensor system to monitor underwater traffic, and station long-range, unmanned aircraft at two northern bases "to provide continuous Arctic and ocean surveillance and patrol," he said.

Mr. Harper estimated the cost of the icebreakers and docking facility at approximately $2- billion over nine years.

On Monday, the National Post reported that a U.S. nuclear submarine, USS Charlotte, cruised through the Arctic Ocean, making a Nov. 10 stop at the North Pole, following a route that likely passed through Canadian waters.

It is still not clear whether the Canadian government gave permission for the U.S. sub's voyage, although experts say it is highly unlikely.

Control of the North is expected to become an increasingly significant issue as global warming melts the ice and allows for easy and frequent travel through the Northwest Passage.

Mr. Harper, making his final policy announcement before the Christmas break, said he would demand, as prime minister, that any foreign vessels travelling in Canadian territorial waters get the consent of the federal government.

He brushed off questions about what sanctions he would impose if a country violated that demand, saying Canada has to first be able to detect violators before it can talk about penalizing them.

He accused the Liberal government of failing to make the investments needed to detect incursions by foreign vessels.

"You don't defend national sovereignty with flags, cheap election rhetoric and advertising campaigns," he said.

"You need forces on the ground, ships in the sea and proper surveillance.

"When it comes to the United States, Mr. Martin says he calls them as he sees them. But when it comes to American passage through Canada, he doesn't actually see anything. He doesn't have the capability."

Military experts called the Conservative plan "ambitious" but "doable."

"We have so little capability in the North it's a national embarrassment," said Pierre Leblanc, a retired colonel and former commander of the Canadian Forces' northern command. "Any movement in the direction of additional resources to increase surveillance is most welcome."

Rob Huebert, associate director at the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary, said the Conservatives are very good at coming up with long-term plans for the Arctic, not as good at following through with them. "Hopefully this is different," he said.

Felix the Cat
12-23-2005, 12:11 PM
Canada flexes its muscles in dispute over Arctic wastes (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/22/wcan22.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/22/ixworld.html)

Canadian warships were sailing towards the Arctic yesterday in the latest act of gunboat diplomacy over control of the frozen wastes there.

Ottawa has launched a series of Arctic sovereignty patrols to assert its territorial claims and fend off rivals, Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/graphics/2005/08/22/wcan22.gif

Its scramble for the Arctic is a consequence of global warming and the retreat of the polar ice. This has raised the prospect of once-inaccessible areas becoming available for oil and mineral extraction. It has also revived the dream of a "North-West Passage" for shipping, linking the Atlantic and Pacific.

Amid diplomatic arguments over territorial rights, Canada's defence minister recently clambered on to a frozen rock, tiny Hans Island, triggering protests from Denmark.

The Canadian programme hit high gear yesterday as the frigate Fredricton sailed towards the contested Davis Strait separating Greenland and north-east Canada. Two coastal defence vessels, meanwhile, have visited the port of Churchill for the first time in 30 years and have set sail for the upper Hudson Bay.

"This is a demonstration of Canada's will to exercise sovereignty over our own back yard," said Cdre Bob Blakely, of the Royal Canadian Navy.

"The sea is a highway that's open to everyone. We will allow everybody passage as long as they ask for our consent and comply with our rules: 'use our resources wisely and don't pollute the fragile northern ecosystem'. "

The renewed Canadian military presence has made other Arctic claimants sit up.

Canada and the US are at odds over control of the North-West Passage and the resource-rich Beaufort Sea, while Canada and Russia both claim overlapping parts of the Arctic continental shelf.

Denmark, which rules Greenland, was angered by the unheralded arrival of Canada's defence minister, Bill Graham, on disputed Hans Island last month.

He stayed for a short while, examining a new Maple Leaf flag planted by Canadian servicemen there, and an old flag left by a Danish naval party three years earlier.

Denmark dispatched the naval cutter Tulugaq and threatened to land more men. However, as tensions rose, the two Nato allies had second thoughts, and the rival claimants agreed to discuss the dispute at the United Nations next month.

Critics of the Canadian policy argue that if the government is serious about pursuing a robust "northern strategy" it will have to start investing.

A C$700 million (£322 million) road to Tuktoyaktuk on the Arctic Sea has been proposed, but the money has not yet been pledged.

The military, meanwhile, is not ideally equipped for the brutal conditions of the far north. Although it is expanding its Arctic command base at Yellowknife, the navy lacks sufficient capacity to plough through the pack ice.

Critics say that this explains why the Canadian authorities have chosen the summer months to undertake their sovereignty patrols.

A military exercise in the Arctic last year was termed an "embarrassing debacle" by the Toronto Star newspaper because of harsh weather and poor equipment.