Ahknaton
10-07-2008, 11:55 AM
From Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_massacre
The Bologna massacre (Italian: Strage di Bologna) was a terrorist bombing at the Central Station of Bologna, Italy on the morning of August 2, 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200. The main culprits came from the neo-fascist terrorist organization Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari, while two — and one former — members of the Italian military intelligence agency (SISMI) and Licio Gelli were charged with investigative diversion.
Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclei_Armati_Rivoluzionari) was a third positionist/neo-fascist organisation heavily inspired by the writings of Julius Evola.
Nick Griffin of the BNP was heavily influenced by their ideology, and the Bologna bombing has been used by anti-fascist groups to discredit him as a terrorist sympathiser:
http://www.stopthebnp.org.uk/index.php?location=election&link=BNP37.htm
In 1980, Griffin launched the magazine Nationalism Today with the help of Joe Pearce, the former editor of Bulldog, a youth magazine for which Pearce was imprisoned on account of its racism. Nationalism Today became the springboard for the Third Positionist ideas based on the theory of the Italian national socialist Julius Evola that the NF later adopted. Griffin and Pearce argued that a "third way" was needed to transcend the evils of both capitalism and communism, which they argued were Zionist - that is, Jewish - controlled.
A strong influence on Griffin's political development was the Italian fascist Roberto Fiore. Fiore belonged to the Italian Third Positionist Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (NAR) and arrived in Britain with several other people who were wanted in connection with terrorist offences, including people implicated in the bombing of Bologna railway station in 1980, which killed 85 people. The bombing was intended as a punishment for the citizens of "red" Bologna for voting communist.
The NF embraced the ideology of the Third Position as the Griffin faction took control, but soon began to make some strange alliances. His "political soldiers" wing met representatives of Colonel Gaddafi's regime in Libya and expressed support for it and for Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. During this period Griffin took an all-expenses paid trip to Libya as a guest of the Gaddafi regime.
The Bologna Massacre has also been used to attack the ideas of Evola as the spiritual and ideological inspiration for the atrocity, as noted by Occidental Quarterly:
http://www.theoccidentalquarterly.com/archives/vol2no3/gs-evola.html
Philip Rees, in his Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right since 1890, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991, devotes a meager page and a half to Evola, and shamelessly concludes, without adducing a shred of evidence, that “ Evolian-inspired violence result[ed] in the Bologna station bombing of 2 August 1980.” Gianfranco De Turris, president of the Julius Evola Foundation in Rome and one of the leading Evola scholars, suggested that, in Evola’s case, rather than “bad teacher” one ought to talk about “bad pupils.” See his Elogio e difesa di Julius Evola: il barone e i terroristi, Rome: Edizioni Mediterranee, 1997, in which he debunks the unfounded charge that Evola was responsible either directly or indirectly for acts of terrorism committed in Italy.
An example of this black-listing of Evola can be seen in essays such as "Revolting Julius Evola and the Blood Axis Fascists" by William H. Kennedy:
http://www.geocities.com/luclablaw/revolting_julius_evola_and_the_b.htm
Evola’s Real Legacy: Neo- Fascist Terrorism
On August 2, 1980 at 10:25 AM a timed bomb exploded at Bologna central railway station killing 85 people and injuring over 200 others. The explosive was planted by operatives of Italian neo-fascist leaders who were directly inspired by Julius Evola. As Italian authorities questioned possible suspects Evola's writings kept popping up in police interrogations as being the ideological justification for the explosion. [9]
Evola's connection to international terrorism can be traced to the early 1950's when he began to call for violent action against the post war authorities. This fact has been confirmed by Guiliani Salierni an Italian neo-fascist who recalled Evola's violent suggestions while Salierni was a young member of a right wing Italian group who regularly sought the Baron as a speaker. [10] Adriano Romauldi - a major leader of a neo-Fascist party - claimed in 1971 that Evola was the intellectual hero of the militant right wing in Italy because of the Baron's call for a policy of 'total war' against the Establishment. Italian neo-fascist terrorists such as Franco Freda and Mario Tuti frequently reprinted Evola's essays in their propaganda tracts. [11]
BUT...
It has now been admitted by former Italian president and Senator-for-life Francesco Cossiga that the atrocity was perpetrated by "PLO-affiliated terrorists from George Habash's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine", and that the Italian government knew, but blamed it on neo-fascists as part of a secret deal with PLO terrorists that promised them immunity from prosecution in Italy in return for a (broken) promise not to target Italian nationals.
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1222017478856&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter
In a letter to Italy's Corriere della Serra in August, Cossiga acknowledged that during the early 1970s, then Italian prime minister Aldo Moro signed an agreement with Yassir Arafat's PLO and affiliated organizations that enabled the Palestinians to field terrorists, operate bases and store weapons in Italy in exchange for immunity from attack for Italy and Italian interests worldwide. Cossiga also acknowledged that even when the Palestinians murdered Italians, the government still protected them. Indeed, he admitted for the first time that the largest terror attack ever to take place on Italian soil - the bombing of the Bologna train station in July 1980 which killed 85 people - was the work of PLO-affiliated terrorists from George Habash's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
At the time of the bombing, Cossiga was Italy's prime minister. Right after it occurred, he blamed the atrocity on neo-fascists. In his words at the time, "Unlike leftist terrorism, which strikes at the heart of the state through its representatives, black terrorism prefers the massacre because it promotes panic and impulsive reactions."
In August, he claimed that it was the work of the PFLP and asserted that the bomb exploded inadvertently. That is, the Palestinians hadn't meant to kill non-Jews - so Italian authorities protected them.
On Friday, Cossiga expanded on his disclosures to Corriere della Serra in an interview with Yediot Aharonot's Rome correspondent Menachem Ganz. Cossiga admitted that it wasn't just Israeli targets that Italy permitted the Palestinians to attack with impunity, but Jewish targets as well. Indeed, in at least one and probably two incidents, the Italians colluded with the Palestinians in their attacks against Jews. On October 9, 1982, six terrorists opened fire on worshippers leaving Rome's Great Synagogue. Dozens of Jews were wounded and two-year-old Stefano Tache was murdered. Hours before the attack the Italian police detail charged with securing the synagogue was withdrawn.
This is HUGE news IMO, and should be shouted from the rooftops by Third Positionists everywhere.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_massacre
The Bologna massacre (Italian: Strage di Bologna) was a terrorist bombing at the Central Station of Bologna, Italy on the morning of August 2, 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200. The main culprits came from the neo-fascist terrorist organization Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari, while two — and one former — members of the Italian military intelligence agency (SISMI) and Licio Gelli were charged with investigative diversion.
Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclei_Armati_Rivoluzionari) was a third positionist/neo-fascist organisation heavily inspired by the writings of Julius Evola.
Nick Griffin of the BNP was heavily influenced by their ideology, and the Bologna bombing has been used by anti-fascist groups to discredit him as a terrorist sympathiser:
http://www.stopthebnp.org.uk/index.php?location=election&link=BNP37.htm
In 1980, Griffin launched the magazine Nationalism Today with the help of Joe Pearce, the former editor of Bulldog, a youth magazine for which Pearce was imprisoned on account of its racism. Nationalism Today became the springboard for the Third Positionist ideas based on the theory of the Italian national socialist Julius Evola that the NF later adopted. Griffin and Pearce argued that a "third way" was needed to transcend the evils of both capitalism and communism, which they argued were Zionist - that is, Jewish - controlled.
A strong influence on Griffin's political development was the Italian fascist Roberto Fiore. Fiore belonged to the Italian Third Positionist Armed Revolutionary Nuclei (NAR) and arrived in Britain with several other people who were wanted in connection with terrorist offences, including people implicated in the bombing of Bologna railway station in 1980, which killed 85 people. The bombing was intended as a punishment for the citizens of "red" Bologna for voting communist.
The NF embraced the ideology of the Third Position as the Griffin faction took control, but soon began to make some strange alliances. His "political soldiers" wing met representatives of Colonel Gaddafi's regime in Libya and expressed support for it and for Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran. During this period Griffin took an all-expenses paid trip to Libya as a guest of the Gaddafi regime.
The Bologna Massacre has also been used to attack the ideas of Evola as the spiritual and ideological inspiration for the atrocity, as noted by Occidental Quarterly:
http://www.theoccidentalquarterly.com/archives/vol2no3/gs-evola.html
Philip Rees, in his Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right since 1890, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991, devotes a meager page and a half to Evola, and shamelessly concludes, without adducing a shred of evidence, that “ Evolian-inspired violence result[ed] in the Bologna station bombing of 2 August 1980.” Gianfranco De Turris, president of the Julius Evola Foundation in Rome and one of the leading Evola scholars, suggested that, in Evola’s case, rather than “bad teacher” one ought to talk about “bad pupils.” See his Elogio e difesa di Julius Evola: il barone e i terroristi, Rome: Edizioni Mediterranee, 1997, in which he debunks the unfounded charge that Evola was responsible either directly or indirectly for acts of terrorism committed in Italy.
An example of this black-listing of Evola can be seen in essays such as "Revolting Julius Evola and the Blood Axis Fascists" by William H. Kennedy:
http://www.geocities.com/luclablaw/revolting_julius_evola_and_the_b.htm
Evola’s Real Legacy: Neo- Fascist Terrorism
On August 2, 1980 at 10:25 AM a timed bomb exploded at Bologna central railway station killing 85 people and injuring over 200 others. The explosive was planted by operatives of Italian neo-fascist leaders who were directly inspired by Julius Evola. As Italian authorities questioned possible suspects Evola's writings kept popping up in police interrogations as being the ideological justification for the explosion. [9]
Evola's connection to international terrorism can be traced to the early 1950's when he began to call for violent action against the post war authorities. This fact has been confirmed by Guiliani Salierni an Italian neo-fascist who recalled Evola's violent suggestions while Salierni was a young member of a right wing Italian group who regularly sought the Baron as a speaker. [10] Adriano Romauldi - a major leader of a neo-Fascist party - claimed in 1971 that Evola was the intellectual hero of the militant right wing in Italy because of the Baron's call for a policy of 'total war' against the Establishment. Italian neo-fascist terrorists such as Franco Freda and Mario Tuti frequently reprinted Evola's essays in their propaganda tracts. [11]
BUT...
It has now been admitted by former Italian president and Senator-for-life Francesco Cossiga that the atrocity was perpetrated by "PLO-affiliated terrorists from George Habash's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine", and that the Italian government knew, but blamed it on neo-fascists as part of a secret deal with PLO terrorists that promised them immunity from prosecution in Italy in return for a (broken) promise not to target Italian nationals.
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1222017478856&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter
In a letter to Italy's Corriere della Serra in August, Cossiga acknowledged that during the early 1970s, then Italian prime minister Aldo Moro signed an agreement with Yassir Arafat's PLO and affiliated organizations that enabled the Palestinians to field terrorists, operate bases and store weapons in Italy in exchange for immunity from attack for Italy and Italian interests worldwide. Cossiga also acknowledged that even when the Palestinians murdered Italians, the government still protected them. Indeed, he admitted for the first time that the largest terror attack ever to take place on Italian soil - the bombing of the Bologna train station in July 1980 which killed 85 people - was the work of PLO-affiliated terrorists from George Habash's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
At the time of the bombing, Cossiga was Italy's prime minister. Right after it occurred, he blamed the atrocity on neo-fascists. In his words at the time, "Unlike leftist terrorism, which strikes at the heart of the state through its representatives, black terrorism prefers the massacre because it promotes panic and impulsive reactions."
In August, he claimed that it was the work of the PFLP and asserted that the bomb exploded inadvertently. That is, the Palestinians hadn't meant to kill non-Jews - so Italian authorities protected them.
On Friday, Cossiga expanded on his disclosures to Corriere della Serra in an interview with Yediot Aharonot's Rome correspondent Menachem Ganz. Cossiga admitted that it wasn't just Israeli targets that Italy permitted the Palestinians to attack with impunity, but Jewish targets as well. Indeed, in at least one and probably two incidents, the Italians colluded with the Palestinians in their attacks against Jews. On October 9, 1982, six terrorists opened fire on worshippers leaving Rome's Great Synagogue. Dozens of Jews were wounded and two-year-old Stefano Tache was murdered. Hours before the attack the Italian police detail charged with securing the synagogue was withdrawn.
This is HUGE news IMO, and should be shouted from the rooftops by Third Positionists everywhere.