O Ćirilu, Metodu i Hrvatima

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O Ćirilu, Metodu i Hrvatima
VIŠE ZNANSTVENOGA OPREZA

Kad je riječ o nastanku ili izumu glagolice, često se kod nas, kao znanstveno dokazano spominju jedino sv. braće Ćiril i Metod. To mišljenje temelji se uglavnom na tendencioznim životopisima to jest legendama o životu sv. Ćirila i sv. Metoda, a nametnuto je radi stvaranja jedinstva južnih Slavena, odnosno radi jugoslavenstva. Zbog toga se sva drukčija mišljenja prešućuju ili auktori sustavno ignoriraju, a često i kažnjavaju pa čak i smrću. (Kerubin Šegvić okrutno ubijen odmah po završetku Drugog svjetskog rata). Na ovo me potaklo pisanje Majde Burić u Hrvatskom slovu br. 539 od 19.8.2005., pod naslovom "Osebujnosti riječkog glagoljaštva", gdje piše da su Ćiril i Metod "u IX. stoljeću izrodili prvi slavenski književni jezik i prvo izvorno slavensko pismo-glagoljicu". Da postoje i drukčija mišljenja, šaljem vam fotokopiju članka Bare Poparića, pisanog u Hrvatskoj straži 7.12.1940., a odnosi se na širu raspravu Kerubina Šegvića o toj temi. Prema najnovijim istraživanjima pomoću DNK analiza o genetičkom podrijetlu Europljana (v. Ivan Jurić: Etnogeneza Hrvata), u Hrvatskoj je s 45 posto zastupljen haplotip Eu 7, to jest hrvatski ili ilirski tip pretka, mutant od prije 20 000 godina. Drugim riječima Iliri su naši predci, tvrdi znanost. Borbe i politika Ilira osigurali su Hrvatima genetički kontinuitet od vremena neolitizacije, tvrdi Jurić. U formiranju države Iliri nisu uspjeli, jer ih je u tome spriječila snaga Rimskog Carstva i razjedinjenost. Rimljani su proveli genocid nad Histrima, rušeći im grad Nesakcij, a sve stanovništvo je likvidirano ili protjerano. I osim toga autohtonost Ilira na ovim područjima je dokazana. I poslije triumfa nad Ilirima Iliri su davali Rimu careve i ljude od pera: Dioklecijan i sv. Jerolim. (Oprosti mi Bože što sam Dalmatinac. Tek što ne reče Ilir). Sv. Jerolim kaže kako u njegovu rodnom Stridonu ljudi govore barbarski, to znači ne govore latinski. Sv. Jerolim ne kaže tko su ti barbari, ali iz zastupljenosti haplotipa Eu 7 to mogu biti samo Iliri. Pitanje je je li među tim Ilirima bilo širih kršćanskih zajednica? Prema svim pokazateljima širenje kršćanstva u to doba, osobito među ugroženima, odgovor je da je bilo. Novo pitanje je jesu li tim Ilirima na njihovu jeziku propovijedali misionari, (koji su znali ilirski jezik) možda je misionar bio i sv. Jerolim, a sigurno je to Skit-Iranac Etik, kojega Šegvić spominje)? Ako jesu, onda su oni za njih preveli barem molitve i dijelove Sv. Pisma potrebne za službu Božju. Uz prijevod postupno ide i pismo tih prijevoda, kako ne bi bilo krivih tumačenja Biblije. Pa to su puna tri stoljeća kršćanstva u Iliriku. Iz svega ovoga proizlazi i konačno pitanje: Je li pismo glagolicu za Ilire izumio sv. Jerolim, odnosno Skit/Iranac Etik? Vjerojatno da. Ilirski pak jezik dolaskom Hrvata na ove prostore gubi se, a pismo se zadržalo za novi jezik - jezik Hrvata. Spominjanje "jerolimice" odnosno glagolice od opata Rabana Maura (rođ. 776) kako kaže Šegvić, pa "licentia" pape Inocenta IV. iz 1248. godine, senjskom biskupu Filipu za uporabu hrvatskog jezika i pisma u bogoslužju do tiskanja "Očenaša" 1806. ilirskim jezikom na "hieronimiano" pismu - glagolici je samo kontinuitet stare hrvatske tradicije da im je sv. Jerolim dao pismo.

http://www.hkz.hr/Hrvatsko_slovo/2005/544/jeka.htm

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THE QUESTION OF AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGIN OF THE GLAGOLITIC SCRIPT

The theory about the origin of Glagolitic script that focuses on Cyril and Method should undergo a thorough revision because it is hard to believe that the Croats had received the Glagolitic script from Moravia, where a single character cut or engraved in hard material cannot be found, writes the Gospićko-senjski bishop Mile Bogović in a scientific paper "The Question of Authorship and Origin of the Glagolitic Script".

"The existing theories on authorship and origin of the Glagolic script were put forward mostly by philosophers and historians imbued with the ideology of the Pan-Slavic unity", Bogović writes, observing that such theories, accepted by all of our relevant scientific institutions, lack a deeper understanding of the historic context.

According to the adherents to the Cyril and Method theory, the Glagolitic script and the Old Church Slavonic liturgy did not exist before the time of brothers Cyril and Method (Cyril 826-869, Method 820-885) and it was they and their disciples who brought both to Croatia from Moravia.

"Reading the stone inscriptions of the Glagolitic texts, we can hardly conclude that this script had been transplanted to our country from Moravia, where not a single Glagolitic inscription was found", Mile Bogović, a prominent church historian, says. If we were to use the inscriptions in order to judge where the origin of the Glagolitic script was, the most logical conclusion would be, Bogović points out, that it arose in the area where its oldest stone inscriptions were found; the oldest, most numerous and most valuable Glagolitic stone inscriptions were all found in the Kvarner basin and its environs.

It is true that some monuments found outside Croatian areas are usually considered to predate our oldest monuments but this, he adds, is not a decisive factor because we do have evidence that Glagolitic script was used in these parts before the time of the earliest stone monuments found. "It had already spread by the time of the synod in Split in 925 and was routinely used in liturgy", Bogović claims.

Also, he continues, most of the Glagolitic inscriptions that are older than those found in the northwestern parts of Croatia, have the characteristics of graffiti i.e. they are scratch-like markings, which might be the work of a chance passerby, while the stone inscriptions like the Ba1čanska ploča (from around 1100), the Krk inscription and Valunska ploča exude permanence and stability.

"Croatia can be rightly proud of its thousand-year-old Glagolitic culture, which left Glagolitic texts in stone and in metal, on wood and on parchment; of course, most of them are on paper", Bogović concludes, adding that no other people can claim even a decade of Glagolitic culture, whereas the Croatian people can boast a full thousand years.

As far as authorship is concerned, he writes that no one doubts that the Byzantine missionaries felt they needed a new script for a new Slavic people even before Cyril and Method. "Knowing the circumstances of that time, it is almost inconceivable that the Byzantine Empire would become concerned about this only in the seventh decade of the 9th century, given the fact that Byzantium has had permanent contact with the Slavs since the beginning of the 7th century", Bogović points out.

http://www.vlada.hr/bulletin/2002/aug-sept/life-culture-full.html#11